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How to Balance Cortisol for Optimal Health

Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN • Aug 29, 2023

Let’s explore the symptoms of imbalanced cortisol and discover how to balance cortisol levels to help you navigate stress more effectively and restore hormone balance.

 Cortisol levels, when out of balance, can have a profound impact on your physical and mental health. When faced with stressors, your body naturally releases cortisol, allowing you to prepare for immediate challenges.
 
However, in today's fast-paced world, where it feels like stress is lurking around every corner, chronic stress can set in leading to a continuous release of this hormone. This can set the stage for disturbances in sleep, weight gain, skin issues, and mood swings.
 
Let’s explore what cortisol is, the consequences of imbalanced cortisol, and how to balance cortisol levels to help you navigate stress more effectively and enhance the overall quality of your life.

What Is Cortisol? 

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is released by the adrenal glands which are situated at the top of your kidneys. It operates as part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a complex network that manages your body's stress response.
 
When your body perceives a threat or stressor, your brain signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol, triggering the "fight-or-flight" response. While this physiological reaction is critical for survival in the short term, chronic stress can lead to consistently elevated cortisol levels. This ongoing release of cortisol can wreak havoc on various body systems, affecting sleep, metabolism, immune function, and even mood.
 
While cortisol gets a bad rap, your body actually needs some cortisol to survive. Balanced cortisol levels play a key role in managing your blood pressure and blood sugar levels, reducing inflammation, and supporting your immune system. Recognizing this delicate balance is important when managing cortisol levels to promote optimal health. 

Symptoms of Imbalanced Cortisol

Imbalanced cortisol levels can lead to a wide range of symptoms that affect not just your physical health but also your mental wellbeing. The following are symptoms of imbalanced cortisol levels:

Weight Gain
Imbalanced cortisol levels can impact metabolism, leading to weight gain usually around the midsection and face.

Severe Fatigue
A common symptom of cortisol imbalance is severe fatigue, often accompanied by difficulty in maintaining energy levels throughout the day.

Acne
Elevated cortisol levels can contribute to skin issues like acne, as high cortisol levels can increase the production of oil in your skin.

Sleep Disturbances
Since cortisol plays an important role in supporting your body’s circadian rhythm, having an imbalance of the hormone can result in insomnia, fragmented sleep, or difficulty falling asleep.

Muscle Weakness
Imbalanced cortisol levels can negatively impact muscle tissue repair, potentially causing muscle weakness and discomfort, particularly in your upper arms and thighs.

Irritability
Cortisol levels that are out of whack can affect your mood and lead to irritability, abrupt mood swings, and can even increase the risk of anxiety and depression. 

How to Balance Cortisol Levels
 
Knowing how to balance cortisol is essential for maintaining your physical, mental, and emotional health. From healthy eating habits to adopting stress management techniques, there are many effective strategies and lifestyle changes that can help you get your hormones back in balance.

Eat a well-balanced diet

Research has found that a diet rich in whole foods, including a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats, provides essential nutrients that can help naturally support your body's stress response. The fiber found in fresh fruits and veggies and whole grains can keep your blood sugar stable and also supports your gut health.
 
Having imbalanced cortisol levels can increase inflammation throughout your body. Therefore, it’s best to avoid foods that promote inflammation like highly-processed, sugary foods, and foods that are laden with unhealthy fats. These pro-inflammatory foods can all contribute to higher cortisol levels. Grab a copy of our Hormone Balancing Recipes here!

Practice stress management techniques

One way to mitigate the effects of stress is by adopting stress management techniques into your daily routine. For example, practices like meditation, deep breathing, yoga, or mindfulness can help reduce your body’s stress response and help balance cortisol levels.
 
Studies suggest that stress management techniques like meditation may help reduce cortisol levels for people in stressful life situations. Researchers have discovered that the benefits of meditation interventions may last not only in the short term but over the long term as well.

Exercise

Engaging in some form of regular exercise will not only promote balanced cortisol levels but will also enhance your overall health and wellbeing. Exercise triggers the release of endorphins, which are natural mood elevators that help counteract the negative effects of stress by helping to reduce cortisol levels.
 
Additionally, exercise contributes to improved sleep quality, which further helps balance cortisol levels. A recent study found that exercise helped to not only decrease cortisol levels but also improved overall sleep quality for adults.
 
By making exercise a consistent part of your routine, you’ll only reap the physical benefits of improved fitness but also enjoy the psychological advantages of reduced stress and balanced hormone levels.

If you tend to have a high stress lifestyle, I highly recommend restorative exercises such as walking, yoga, pilates and other low intensity exercises that won’t spike your cortisol even higher. Strength training is also great for both men and women, and doesn’t tax your adrenals. 

Limit caffeine and alcohol intake

Consuming too much caffeine can increase your body’s cortisol levels, and can also negatively impact your sleep quality. If you enjoy the effects of caffeine, try limiting your intake to the first part of the day to ensure that it doesn’t affect your sleep.
 
Research has also found a link between alcohol intake and increased cortisol levels. When you drink alcohol, your body may perceive it as a stressor, triggering the release of stress hormones like cortisol, as part of the fight-or-flight response. Alcohol can also disrupt your sleep, trigger inflammation, and impact blood sugar levels which can throw your hormones out of balance.

Find time to connect with others

Believe it or not, carving out time to connect with others can serve as a powerful remedy for cortisol imbalance. Engaging in conversations, laughing with friends, or simply spending quality time with loved ones triggers the release of oxytocin, a hormone that counters cortisol's effects and fosters feelings of happiness and calm. 

Fostering these connections acts as a buffer against the negative impact of chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels. In fact, one recent study found that talking with friends can help lower cortisol levels, particularly for women across the lifespan.

Use Adaptogens and Nutrients to Reset Your Stress Response

By supporting your stress response system, you can improve communication between your brain, adrenals, ovaries and thyroid – getting optimal functioning back on track. 

A good multivitamin with sufficient B vitamins and magnesium will provide what you need for daily nervous system support. Magnesium is a calming mineral and one that most of us are deficient in. Check my recommendations here

Adaptogenic herbs have a unique ability to help you adapt to the stress in your life. They do this by regulating your stress response – keeping you feeling calmer and more focused. Some of my favorites include ashwagandha, holy basil and rhodiola, as well as reishi mushroom and maca. Here are my favorite products for adrenal and hormone support. 


Work with a professional

Working with a professional like a registered dietitian that specializes in functional nutrition, can help you understand the link between stress and cortisol, empowering you to implement strategies that can help get your cortisol back in balance. Functionally trained registered dietitians can provide evidence-based tools including suggestions for vitamins and herbs that lower cortisol to help restore balanced hormone levels.
 
At Eat Freely Nutrition, we offer one-on-one programs as well as self-paced online programs to help you balance your hormones and enhance your wellbeing. Not sure which is the best choice for you? Book a free 20-minute discovery call today to learn more.

The Bottom Line

While stress is a part of life, chronic stress and elevated cortisol levels don’t have to be. From healthy eating to implementing stress management techniques, there are many ways you can help balance cortisol levels to help pave the way towards restoring your health and wellbeing. 
 
Working with a registered dietitian knowledgeable in hormone balance can help you get to the root of your cortisol imbalance and tailor supportive strategies that are designed to meet your unique needs.
 
 
References:
 
1. Herman JP, McKlveen JM, Ghosal S, Kopp B, Wulsin A, Makinson R, Scheimann J, Myers B. Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Stress Response. Compr Physiol. 2016 Mar 15;6(2):603-21. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c150015. PMID: 27065163; PMCID: PMC4867107.
 
2. Thau L, Gandhi J, Sharma S. Physiology, Cortisol. [Updated 2022 Aug 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538239/

3. Soltani H, Keim NL, Laugero KD. Increasing Dietary Carbohydrate as Part of a Healthy Whole Food Diet Intervention Dampens Eight Week Changes in Salivary Cortisol and Cortisol Responsiveness. Nutrients. 2019 Oct 24;11(11):2563. doi: 10.3390/nu11112563. PMID: 31652899; PMCID: PMC6893582.
 
4. Koncz A, Demetrovics Z, Takacs ZK. Meditation interventions efficiently reduce cortisol levels of at-risk samples: a meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2021 Mar;15(1):56-84. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1760727. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32635830.
 
5. De Nys L, Anderson K, Ofosu EF, Ryde GC, Connelly J, Whittaker AC. The effects of physical activity on cortisol and sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2022 Sep;143:105843. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105843. Epub 2022 Jun 24. PMID: 35777076.
 
6. Yang JH, Kweon SS, Lee YH, Choi SW, Ryu SY, Nam HS, Park KS, Kim HY, Shin MH. Association between Alcohol Consumption and Serum Cortisol Levels: a Mendelian Randomization Study. J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Aug 2;36(30):e195. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e195. PMID: 34342185; PMCID: PMC8329388.
 
7. Rodrigues MA, Yoon SO, Clancy KBH, Stine-Morrow EAL. What are friends for? The impact of friendship on communicative efficiency and cortisol response during collaborative problem solving among younger and older women. J Women Aging. 2021 Jul-Aug;33(4):411-427. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1915686. Epub 2021 May 26. PMID: 34038325. 
 


By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN 14 Feb, 2024
Can eating certain foods really improve your hormones? Yes! There are foods that provide our body with the nutrient necessary to make healthy hormone levels. There are also foods that support the liver and the proper metabolism of our hormones, which helps to prevent accumulation of certain hormones. Incorporating these hormones supportive foods in your diet can help keep your hormones in balance and prevent/reduce period problems. Although there is limited research on nutrition and hormones, this doesn’t mean these holistic health practices have no benefits. It just means that these benefits haven’t been studied and proven effective. Scientific research is expensive and time-consuming. These two factors make it easy for pharmaceutical companies or hospitals to get funding to research a new drug or treatment protocol. But this also makes it fairly prohibitive for studies on food or other alternative medical treatments to occur. There just aren’t many people who will provide funding to study whether or not seed cycling can help support women’s menstrual cycles. It’s well known that there is a massive gender bias in clinical research and it’s only been about 20-30 years since women were even required to be included in clinical trials. Studying the menstrual cycle and the factors that influence it just isn’t a high priority on the list of medical research topics. Because of this, we frequently have to rely on anecdotal evidence, along with our own best judgment, to determine if these holistic practices have any benefit. With all that said, let’s move on to my favorite go-to hormone balancing foods! Let’s go! Favorite #1: Seeds
By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN 12 Feb, 2024
“I’ve been dealing with this annoying migraine all day and it won’t go away! Nothings helping!” If you have found yourself saying the same thing, you're not alone. Migraines affect millions of people worldwide, impacting their ability to work, socialize, and enjoy daily activities. But what you might not know is how to manage your migraines or prevent them. I struggled with migraines for years and have found several solutions that have helped. So here’s my go-to strategies that can help you effectively manage and reduce the frequency of your migraines (and don’t worry, it’s not just saying drink a glass of water when you are already feeling it.) The Importance of Hydration and Magnesium Glycinate So no, I’m not telling you to drink water when it’s already too late, BUT it’s still very important to STAY hydrated! Key word there, but let's discuss the critical role of hydration and magnesium glycinate in migraine management. Hydration is key for maintaining overall health, and it plays a significant role in migraine prevention. Dehydration can trigger migraines or worsen their severity. By ensuring you stay adequately hydrated throughout the day, you can reduce the likelihood of migraine attacks. Additionally, magnesium glycinate has emerged as a promising supplement for migraine relief. This essential mineral helps regulate neurotransmitters and reduce inflammation, both of which are implicated in migraine development. By incorporating magnesium glycinate into your daily routine, you may experience relief from migraine symptoms by targeting the underlying inflammatory processes contributing to pain. Prioritizing Sleep and Rest Another crucial aspect of migraine management is prioritizing sleep and rest. Lack of sleep can act as a trigger for migraines or exacerbate their severity. It's essential to establish a consistent sleep schedule and ensure you're getting enough rest each night. Additionally, if a migraine strikes during the day, don't hesitate to take a quick break. Stepping away from your tasks and allowing yourself to rest can help alleviate migraine symptoms and prevent them from escalating. Start a Food Journal Migraine triggers can vary from person to person, and identifying specific trigger foods often involves keeping a detailed headache diary to track patterns. While certain foods are commonly reported as migraine triggers, it's important to note that triggers can be individualized. Here are some foods that are commonly associated with triggering migraines: 1 . Caffeine : While some people find relief from migraines with caffeine, for others, it can be a trigger. It's essential to monitor your caffeine intake and be consistent with your consumption. 2. Chocolate : Chocolate contains compounds like phenylethylamine and tyramine, which are thought to contribute to migraines in some individuals. 3. Alcohol: Certain alcoholic beverages, especially red wine, beer, and whiskey, may trigger migraines. Sulfites and other compounds in alcohol are potential culprits. 4 . Aged Cheese: Cheeses that are aged, such as cheddar, blue cheese, and Parmesan, contain tyramine, a compound that may trigger migraines in some people. 5. Processed Meats : Nitrites and nitrates in processed meats like bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats are potential migraine triggers for some individuals. 6. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) : Found in some savory snacks, Chinese food, and processed foods, MSG is often associated with triggering migraines. 7 . Artificial Sweeteners : Aspartame, found in many diet sodas and sugar-free products, is a reported trigger for some people. 8. Citrus Fruits : Oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits contain histamine, which may contribute to migraines in sensitive individuals. 9. Nuts: Certain nuts, especially peanuts and tree nuts, contain tyramine and other migraine-triggering compounds. 10 . Onions and Garlic : These vegetables contain sulfites and can be problematic for some migraine sufferers. 11. Avocado : Avocado contains tyramine and can be a trigger for some individuals. 12 . Pickled or Fermented Foods : Sauerkraut, pickles, and other fermented foods contain tyramine and may trigger migraines. It's crucial to keep in mind that individual responses to these foods vary, and not everyone will be sensitive to the same triggers. Keeping a headache diary, working with a healthcare professional, and gradually eliminating or reintroducing potential trigger foods can help identify specific dietary factors contributing to migraines. Additionally, maintaining a well-balanced diet and staying hydrated may contribute to overall headache prevention. Could It Be My Hormones? Hormones can also play a significant role in triggering migraines for some individuals. Changes in hormonal levels, particularly fluctuations in estrogen, are commonly associated with the onset of migraines, and certain periods in a person's life may be particularly prone to hormonal influences. Here are some key stages and factors related to migraines and hormones: 1. Menstrual Migraines : Many women experience migraines related to their menstrual cycle. These migraines often occur in the days leading up to menstruation or during the first few days of the menstrual period. The drop in estrogen levels that occurs during this time is thought to be a contributing factor. 2. Menopause : Hormonal changes during menopause, specifically the decline in estrogen levels, can also trigger migraines in some women. The transition to menopause may be associated with an increase in migraine frequency or intensity for some individuals. 3. Pregnancy : Hormonal changes during pregnancy can have varying effects on migraines. While some women experience relief from migraines during pregnancy, others may find that their migraines become more frequent. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance on managing migraines during pregnancy. 4. Hormonal Contraceptives: Some women may experience changes in migraine patterns when using hormonal contraceptives. For some, it may lead to an improvement, while for others, it might worsen migraines. 5. Perimenopause : The period leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, is characterized by hormonal fluctuations. Migraines may become more frequent or severe during this time for some individuals. Perimenopause can start as early as mid-30’s for some women and last over 10 years. It’s important to meet with a hormone specialist if you’re struggling with symptoms. If you suspect your hormones may be playing a role and are seeing a cyclical pattern to your migraines, I recommned getting your hormones checked. There are many natural solutions to balancing your hormones that don't involve birth control or other medications. Conclusion Managing migraines requires a multifaceted approach that addresses hydration, nutrition, sleep, stress management and hormone balance. By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you can take control of your migraines and improve your quality of life. If you're struggling to manage your migraines or would like a more personalized guidance on implementing these strategies, I’d be happy to help! Together, we can work towards finding effective solutions and helping you live a life free from the grip of migraines. I've had great success with my clients over the last 15 years, helping them to identify their triggers and givng them a tailored plan that was realistic to their lifestyle. Schedule a call with me today!
By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD. FMN 25 Oct, 2023
Food sensitivities can affect you in so many ways. And they’re a lot more common than most people think. I'm not talking about anaphylaxis or immediate allergic reactions that involve a strong immune response. Those can be serious and life-threatening. If you have any allergies, you need to steer clear of any traces of foods you are allergic to, and speak with your doctor or pharmacist about emergency medication, if necessary. What I'm talking about, is a sensitivity, meaning you do not tolerate a specific food very well and it causes immediate or chronic symptoms anywhere in the body. Symptoms can take hours or even days to show themselves. And symptoms can be located just about anywhere in the body. This is still an immune response that can increase inflammation (hence the aches and pains), but different than an allergy. This is what makes them so tricky to identify. Symptoms of Food Intolerances There are some common food intolerances and immune reactions that have immediate and terribly painful gastrointestinal symptoms, such as lactose intolerance or celiac disease. These can cause stomach pain, gas, bloating, and/or diarrhea; symptoms can start immediately after eating lactose or gluten. On the other hand, other more insidious symptoms may not be linked to foods in an obvious way. Symptoms like: ● Chronic muscle or joint pain ● Sweating, or increased heart rate or blood pressure ● Headaches or migraines ● Exhaustion after a good night's sleep ● Autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's or rheumatoid arthritis ● Rashes or eczema ● Inability to concentrate or feeling like your brain is "foggy" ● Shortness of breath If your body has trouble digesting specific foods, it can affect your hormones, metabolism, or even cause inflammation and result in any of the symptoms listed above. And these can affect any (or all) parts of the body, not just your gastrointestinal system. How to Prevent These Symptoms The main thing you can do is to figure out which foods or ingredients you may be reacting to and stop ingesting them. I know, I know...this sounds so simple, and yet it can be SO HARD. The best way to identify your food/ingredient triggers is eliminate them. This can be done by trial and error, or by testing. The trail and error method requires you to eliminate all traces high reactive foods for three full weeks and monitor your symptoms. If things get better, then you want to slowly introduce them back one at a time, every 3 days, while still looking out to see if/when symptoms return. The second option is to test for food sensitivities using a reliable blood test called the Mediator Release Test (MRT). This test measures the inflammatory mediators released by your white blood cells in response to food exposure. It tests for 176 foods and chemicals such as dyes and additives. One huge benefit to testing, is knowing exactly which foods to cut out and for how long based on their level of reactivity. The dietitians here at Eat Freely Nutrition are knowledgeable in both methods and offer guidance and support. We can also order the MRT test for you and help you with personalized recipes and meal ideas based on your results. Start Here: Two common food intolerances Here are two of the most common triggers of food intolerances: ● Lactose - eliminate dairy altogether, or look for a "lactose-free" label – try dairy-free alternatives made from oat, nuts or coconut instead. ● Gluten - in wheat, rye, barley and other common grains - look for a "gluten-free" label - try gluten-free grains like rice, quinoa & gluten-free oats. This is by no means a complete list, but it's a good place to start because lactose intolerance is thought to affect up to 75% of people, while "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" can affect up to 13% of people. So, if you can eliminate all traces of lactose and gluten for three weeks, it can confirm whether either or both of these, are a source of your symptoms. Yes, dairy and grains are a part of many government-recommended food guidelines, but you absolutely can get all of the nutrients you need if you focus on replacing them with nutrient-dense foods. A reliable way to monitor how you feel after eating certain foods is to track it. After every meal or snack, write down the foods you ate, and any symptoms so you can more easily spot trends. And, as mentioned earlier, symptoms may not start immediately following a meal. You may find, for example, that you wake up with a headache the morning after eating bananas. You might be surprised what links you can find if you track your food and symptoms well! IMPORTANT NOTE: When you eliminate something, you need to make sure it's not hiding in other foods, or the whole point of eliminating it for a few weeks is lost. Restaurant food, packaged foods, and sauces or dressings are notorious for adding ingredients that you'd never think are there. You know that sugar hides in almost everything, but did you also know that wheat is often added to processed meats and soy sauce, and lactose can even be found in some medications or supplements? When in doubt you HAVE to ask the server in a restaurant about hidden ingredients, read labels, and consider cooking from scratch. What if it doesn’t work? If eliminating these two common food intolerances doesn’t work, then you can go one step further to eliminate soy and corn for three weeks. They are the next most common culprits. You may need to see a qualified healthcare practitioner for help, and that's OK. I don't want you to continue suffering if you don't need to! If you’d prefer to use the “test, not guess” method, give us a call and we can discuss the MRT in more detail. If you’ve had an MRT test in the past and it’s been more than a few years, it might be time to retest. Your food sensitivities can change over time.
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