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What is Estrogen Dominance? How Can I Fix It?

Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN • May 20, 2023

Estrogen dominance is a condition in which your body has higher than normal levels of estrogen. This leads to a long list of unwanted symptoms. Lifestyle changes can help your hormones regain balance.

If you've been feeling like your body is out of balance lately, with symptoms like weight gain, mood swings, and sleep disturbances, you might be dealing with a hormonal imbalance called estrogen dominance. While your body needs estrogen to support your reproductive, bone, cardiovascular, and brain health, having too much estrogen may cause a wide range of unpleasant symptoms.
 
Let’s talk about estrogen dominance, its symptoms, and what you can do about it to get your body back in balance so you can enhance your health and improve the quality of your life. 

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What is Estrogen?

Estrogen is a hormone that plays a critical role in the female reproductive system. It is a steroid hormone that is primarily produced in the ovaries, though it is also produced in smaller quantities in the adrenal glands and in the fat cells.
 
Estrogen includes three steroid hormones each with its own unique role. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3), when in balance, can have a far-reaching impact on various body systems and in turn, your health. In addition to regulating your menstrual cycle, estrogen also helps to support your bone health, cardiovascular functioning, brain cognition, and a healthy mood.
 
Estrogen helps to maintain bone health by slowing down bone resorption, the process by which old bone is broken down and replaced with new bone. Estrogen also affects cardiovascular health by improving cholesterol levels and blood vessel functioning.
 
Additionally, estrogen has been linked to cognitive function, with some studies suggesting that it may help to protect against age-related cognitive decline. Moreover, the hormone is responsible for regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, all of which can support a healthy mood. 

What is Estrogen Dominance?

Estrogen dominance is a condition in which your body has higher than normal levels of estrogen. This can be a result of your body producing too much estrogen, a change in the way you metabolize or excrete estrogen, or if there’s an imbalance in the ratio of estrogen to progesterone.
 
For example, there are two main types of estrogen dominance including frank estrogen dominance and relative estrogen dominance. Frank estrogen dominance is simply when your body makes too much estrogen, whereas relative estrogen dominance is when you have too much estrogen relative to your progesterone levels.
 
What Causes Estrogen Dominance?

Estrogen dominance is typically caused by a number of factors including hormonal imbalances, environmental toxins, and genetics. The following are common factors that may throw your hormones off balance and lead to estrogen dominance:

Stress
Juggling the ever-increasing demands of everyday life can certainly lead to chronic stress which can wreak havoc on your hormone balance. Your body responds to stress by producing high levels of the stress hormone cortisol. When cortisol levels are constantly elevated, your body’s stores of progesterone can become depleted. Seeing as progesterone is a critical hormone for regulating estrogen levels, and as it becomes depleted, estrogen levels can begin to creep up.

Having excess body fat
Having excess body fat can also contribute to estrogen dominance. This is because fat tissue can absorb and store estrogen in your bloodstream and also make estrogen from your other hormones. Therefore, the greater number of fat cells you have, the higher the amount of estrogen your body may produce.

Exposure to environmental toxins
Toxic substances present in the environment, such as those in plastics, pesticides, and chemical cleaners, possess a chemical structure similar to estrogen and are capable of imitating its effects within the body.
 
Studies show that when these environmental toxins enter the body, not only can they disrupt your hormonal balance, but they may also increase the risk of cognitive decline, metabolic diseases, and various cancers.
 
Poor gut health
When in balance, your gut microbiome plays an important role in regulating estrogen levels. When the healthy bacteria in your gut are compromised as a result of poor diet, stress, or antibiotic use, extra estrogen can be re-absorbed rather than eliminated by your body. This can lead to an accumulation of estrogen and an imbalance between estrogen and other hormones, resulting in estrogen dominance. 

Medical conditions
There are certain health conditions that may contribute to the development of estrogen dominance. For example, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal imbalances, including higher estrogen levels. Additionally, endometriosis, a condition in which the tissue lining the uterus grows outside of it, can lead to increased estrogen production and impaired estrogen metabolism.

Symptoms of Estrogen Dominance

Estrogen dominance can have a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Potential symptoms may include:
 
  • Irregular menstrual cycle
  • Weight gain
  • Mood swings
  • Fatigue
  • Bloating
  • Breast tenderness
  • Increased anxiety
  • Depression
  • Low libido
  • Brain fog
  • Insomnia
  • Hair loss 

How to Fix Estrogen Dominance

Estrogen dominance treatment options will vary depending on the underlying cause of the condition. There are several dietary and lifestyle changes that may help to lower estrogen levels and restore balance within your body.

Reduce stress
Reducing stress levels can have a major impact on balancing your hormones. When you experience stress, your body releases cortisol, a hormone that can disrupt the delicate balance of other hormones, including estrogen.
 
By actively reducing and managing stress through techniques such as relaxation exercises, mindfulness, and adequate sleep you can support a healthier hormonal balance, potentially mitigating the risk of estrogen dominance. 

Limit your exposure to environmental toxins
Take stock of your body care and household products and make the switch to safer, non-toxic versions to help limit your exposure to hormonally-disruptive environmental toxins. If you’re not sure where to start, the Environmental Working Group has an extensive database of body care and cleaning products so you can review their ingredient profiles and check for safety.

Focus on fiber-rich, plant-based foods
Did you know getting plenty of fiber can actually help eliminate excess estrogen in the body? Research suggests that eating fiber-rich foods like whole grains that come from whole wheat bread can help prevent estrogen reabsorption in the colon.
  
Another way to support healthy hormone balance is to focus on a whole food, plant-based diet. One study found that eating a semi-vegetarian diet may help lower estrogen levels compared to eating a non-vegetarian diet. 

Exercise
Engaging in any type of physical activity can positively impact your hormone balance and your overall health and well-being. Exercise can help increase weight loss, reduce fat, and decrease stress hormones in the body which curb estrogen dominance and restore balance.
 
It’s best to focus on lower impact activities like walking, yoga, or swimming as high-impact exercise can potentially increase cortisol levels in the body.

Get plenty of sleep
While it may be easier said than done, getting a minimum of 7 hours of sleep each night can work wonders for your hormone health. Without adequate sleep, cortisol levels can creep up, which can set the stage for estrogen dominance.
 
By prioritizing adequate sleep and adopting good sleep hygiene practices, such as maintaining a consistent sleep schedule and creating an ideal sleep environment, you can support healthy hormonal balance and help reduce the risk of estrogen dominance.
 
The Bottom Line 

Estrogen dominance is a condition in which your body has higher than normal levels of estrogen. This can occur for a variety of reasons, including increased stress, excess body fat, exposure to environmental toxins, and certain medical conditions. The symptoms of estrogen dominance can vary and may significantly affect your quality of life.
 
Estrogen dominance treatment options will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. However, it’s important to note that there are lifestyle changes you can make to optimize your hormones and help restore balance within your body.

At Eat Freely Nutrition, we offer one-on-one programs as well as self-paced online courses to help you balance your hormones. Join our Hormone Harmony 8-week course today! Not sure which is the best choice for you? Book a free 20-minute discovery call today to learn more.

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References


1. Noirrit-Esclassan E, Valera M-C, Tremollieres F, Arnal J-F, Lenfant F, Fontaine C, Vinel A. Critical Role of Estrogens on Bone Homeostasis in Both Male and Female: From Physiology to Medical Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(4):1568. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041568
 
2. Iorga A, Cunningham CM, Moazeni S, Ruffenach G, Umar S, Eghbali M. The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy. Biol Sex Differ. 2017 Oct 24;8(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s13293-017-0152-8. PMID: 29065927; PMCID: PMC5655818.
 
3. Jonathan Bortz, Kevin C Klatt, Taylor C Wallace, Perspective: Estrogen and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: A Missing Choline(rgic) Link?, Advances in Nutrition, Volume 13, Issue 2, March 2022, Pages 376–387, https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab145
 
4. Del Río JP, Alliende MI, Molina N, Serrano FG, Molina S, Vigil P. Steroid Hormones and Their Action in Women's Brains: The Importance of Hormonal Balance. Front Public Health. 2018 May 23;6:141. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00141. PMID: 29876339; PMCID: PMC5974145.
 
5. La Merrill, M.A., Vandenberg, L.N., Smith, M.T. et al. Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat Rev Endocrinol 16, 45–57 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0273-8
 
6. Wu H, Kyrø C, Tjønneland A, Boll K, Olsen A, Overvad K, Landberg R. Long-Term Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake Reflected by Adipose Tissue Alkylresorcinols and Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2019 Feb 22;11(2):465. doi: 10.3390/nu11020465. PMID: 30813337; PMCID: PMC6412439.
 
7. Harmon BE, Morimoto Y, Beckford F, Franke AA, Stanczyk FZ, Maskarinec G. Oestrogen levels in serum and urine of premenopausal women eating low and high amounts of meat. Public Health Nutr. 2014 Sep;17(9):2087-93. doi: 10.1017/S1368980013002553. Epub 2013 Sep 19. PMID: 24050121; PMCID: PMC4231431.

By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN 14 Feb, 2024
Can eating certain foods really improve your hormones? Yes! There are foods that provide our body with the nutrient necessary to make healthy hormone levels. There are also foods that support the liver and the proper metabolism of our hormones, which helps to prevent accumulation of certain hormones. Incorporating these hormones supportive foods in your diet can help keep your hormones in balance and prevent/reduce period problems. Although there is limited research on nutrition and hormones, this doesn’t mean these holistic health practices have no benefits. It just means that these benefits haven’t been studied and proven effective. Scientific research is expensive and time-consuming. These two factors make it easy for pharmaceutical companies or hospitals to get funding to research a new drug or treatment protocol. But this also makes it fairly prohibitive for studies on food or other alternative medical treatments to occur. There just aren’t many people who will provide funding to study whether or not seed cycling can help support women’s menstrual cycles. It’s well known that there is a massive gender bias in clinical research and it’s only been about 20-30 years since women were even required to be included in clinical trials. Studying the menstrual cycle and the factors that influence it just isn’t a high priority on the list of medical research topics. Because of this, we frequently have to rely on anecdotal evidence, along with our own best judgment, to determine if these holistic practices have any benefit. With all that said, let’s move on to my favorite go-to hormone balancing foods! Let’s go! Favorite #1: Seeds
By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD, FMN 12 Feb, 2024
“I’ve been dealing with this annoying migraine all day and it won’t go away! Nothings helping!” If you have found yourself saying the same thing, you're not alone. Migraines affect millions of people worldwide, impacting their ability to work, socialize, and enjoy daily activities. But what you might not know is how to manage your migraines or prevent them. I struggled with migraines for years and have found several solutions that have helped. So here’s my go-to strategies that can help you effectively manage and reduce the frequency of your migraines (and don’t worry, it’s not just saying drink a glass of water when you are already feeling it.) The Importance of Hydration and Magnesium Glycinate So no, I’m not telling you to drink water when it’s already too late, BUT it’s still very important to STAY hydrated! Key word there, but let's discuss the critical role of hydration and magnesium glycinate in migraine management. Hydration is key for maintaining overall health, and it plays a significant role in migraine prevention. Dehydration can trigger migraines or worsen their severity. By ensuring you stay adequately hydrated throughout the day, you can reduce the likelihood of migraine attacks. Additionally, magnesium glycinate has emerged as a promising supplement for migraine relief. This essential mineral helps regulate neurotransmitters and reduce inflammation, both of which are implicated in migraine development. By incorporating magnesium glycinate into your daily routine, you may experience relief from migraine symptoms by targeting the underlying inflammatory processes contributing to pain. Prioritizing Sleep and Rest Another crucial aspect of migraine management is prioritizing sleep and rest. Lack of sleep can act as a trigger for migraines or exacerbate their severity. It's essential to establish a consistent sleep schedule and ensure you're getting enough rest each night. Additionally, if a migraine strikes during the day, don't hesitate to take a quick break. Stepping away from your tasks and allowing yourself to rest can help alleviate migraine symptoms and prevent them from escalating. Start a Food Journal Migraine triggers can vary from person to person, and identifying specific trigger foods often involves keeping a detailed headache diary to track patterns. While certain foods are commonly reported as migraine triggers, it's important to note that triggers can be individualized. Here are some foods that are commonly associated with triggering migraines: 1 . Caffeine : While some people find relief from migraines with caffeine, for others, it can be a trigger. It's essential to monitor your caffeine intake and be consistent with your consumption. 2. Chocolate : Chocolate contains compounds like phenylethylamine and tyramine, which are thought to contribute to migraines in some individuals. 3. Alcohol: Certain alcoholic beverages, especially red wine, beer, and whiskey, may trigger migraines. Sulfites and other compounds in alcohol are potential culprits. 4 . Aged Cheese: Cheeses that are aged, such as cheddar, blue cheese, and Parmesan, contain tyramine, a compound that may trigger migraines in some people. 5. Processed Meats : Nitrites and nitrates in processed meats like bacon, hot dogs, and deli meats are potential migraine triggers for some individuals. 6. Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) : Found in some savory snacks, Chinese food, and processed foods, MSG is often associated with triggering migraines. 7 . Artificial Sweeteners : Aspartame, found in many diet sodas and sugar-free products, is a reported trigger for some people. 8. Citrus Fruits : Oranges, lemons, and other citrus fruits contain histamine, which may contribute to migraines in sensitive individuals. 9. Nuts: Certain nuts, especially peanuts and tree nuts, contain tyramine and other migraine-triggering compounds. 10 . Onions and Garlic : These vegetables contain sulfites and can be problematic for some migraine sufferers. 11. Avocado : Avocado contains tyramine and can be a trigger for some individuals. 12 . Pickled or Fermented Foods : Sauerkraut, pickles, and other fermented foods contain tyramine and may trigger migraines. It's crucial to keep in mind that individual responses to these foods vary, and not everyone will be sensitive to the same triggers. Keeping a headache diary, working with a healthcare professional, and gradually eliminating or reintroducing potential trigger foods can help identify specific dietary factors contributing to migraines. Additionally, maintaining a well-balanced diet and staying hydrated may contribute to overall headache prevention. Could It Be My Hormones? Hormones can also play a significant role in triggering migraines for some individuals. Changes in hormonal levels, particularly fluctuations in estrogen, are commonly associated with the onset of migraines, and certain periods in a person's life may be particularly prone to hormonal influences. Here are some key stages and factors related to migraines and hormones: 1. Menstrual Migraines : Many women experience migraines related to their menstrual cycle. These migraines often occur in the days leading up to menstruation or during the first few days of the menstrual period. The drop in estrogen levels that occurs during this time is thought to be a contributing factor. 2. Menopause : Hormonal changes during menopause, specifically the decline in estrogen levels, can also trigger migraines in some women. The transition to menopause may be associated with an increase in migraine frequency or intensity for some individuals. 3. Pregnancy : Hormonal changes during pregnancy can have varying effects on migraines. While some women experience relief from migraines during pregnancy, others may find that their migraines become more frequent. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional for guidance on managing migraines during pregnancy. 4. Hormonal Contraceptives: Some women may experience changes in migraine patterns when using hormonal contraceptives. For some, it may lead to an improvement, while for others, it might worsen migraines. 5. Perimenopause : The period leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, is characterized by hormonal fluctuations. Migraines may become more frequent or severe during this time for some individuals. Perimenopause can start as early as mid-30’s for some women and last over 10 years. It’s important to meet with a hormone specialist if you’re struggling with symptoms. If you suspect your hormones may be playing a role and are seeing a cyclical pattern to your migraines, I recommned getting your hormones checked. There are many natural solutions to balancing your hormones that don't involve birth control or other medications. Conclusion Managing migraines requires a multifaceted approach that addresses hydration, nutrition, sleep, stress management and hormone balance. By incorporating these strategies into your daily routine, you can take control of your migraines and improve your quality of life. If you're struggling to manage your migraines or would like a more personalized guidance on implementing these strategies, I’d be happy to help! Together, we can work towards finding effective solutions and helping you live a life free from the grip of migraines. I've had great success with my clients over the last 15 years, helping them to identify their triggers and givng them a tailored plan that was realistic to their lifestyle. Schedule a call with me today!
By Dariella Gonitzke, MS, RD. FMN 25 Oct, 2023
Food sensitivities can affect you in so many ways. And they’re a lot more common than most people think. I'm not talking about anaphylaxis or immediate allergic reactions that involve a strong immune response. Those can be serious and life-threatening. If you have any allergies, you need to steer clear of any traces of foods you are allergic to, and speak with your doctor or pharmacist about emergency medication, if necessary. What I'm talking about, is a sensitivity, meaning you do not tolerate a specific food very well and it causes immediate or chronic symptoms anywhere in the body. Symptoms can take hours or even days to show themselves. And symptoms can be located just about anywhere in the body. This is still an immune response that can increase inflammation (hence the aches and pains), but different than an allergy. This is what makes them so tricky to identify. Symptoms of Food Intolerances There are some common food intolerances and immune reactions that have immediate and terribly painful gastrointestinal symptoms, such as lactose intolerance or celiac disease. These can cause stomach pain, gas, bloating, and/or diarrhea; symptoms can start immediately after eating lactose or gluten. On the other hand, other more insidious symptoms may not be linked to foods in an obvious way. Symptoms like: ● Chronic muscle or joint pain ● Sweating, or increased heart rate or blood pressure ● Headaches or migraines ● Exhaustion after a good night's sleep ● Autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto's or rheumatoid arthritis ● Rashes or eczema ● Inability to concentrate or feeling like your brain is "foggy" ● Shortness of breath If your body has trouble digesting specific foods, it can affect your hormones, metabolism, or even cause inflammation and result in any of the symptoms listed above. And these can affect any (or all) parts of the body, not just your gastrointestinal system. How to Prevent These Symptoms The main thing you can do is to figure out which foods or ingredients you may be reacting to and stop ingesting them. I know, I know...this sounds so simple, and yet it can be SO HARD. The best way to identify your food/ingredient triggers is eliminate them. This can be done by trial and error, or by testing. The trail and error method requires you to eliminate all traces high reactive foods for three full weeks and monitor your symptoms. If things get better, then you want to slowly introduce them back one at a time, every 3 days, while still looking out to see if/when symptoms return. The second option is to test for food sensitivities using a reliable blood test called the Mediator Release Test (MRT). This test measures the inflammatory mediators released by your white blood cells in response to food exposure. It tests for 176 foods and chemicals such as dyes and additives. One huge benefit to testing, is knowing exactly which foods to cut out and for how long based on their level of reactivity. The dietitians here at Eat Freely Nutrition are knowledgeable in both methods and offer guidance and support. We can also order the MRT test for you and help you with personalized recipes and meal ideas based on your results. Start Here: Two common food intolerances Here are two of the most common triggers of food intolerances: ● Lactose - eliminate dairy altogether, or look for a "lactose-free" label – try dairy-free alternatives made from oat, nuts or coconut instead. ● Gluten - in wheat, rye, barley and other common grains - look for a "gluten-free" label - try gluten-free grains like rice, quinoa & gluten-free oats. This is by no means a complete list, but it's a good place to start because lactose intolerance is thought to affect up to 75% of people, while "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" can affect up to 13% of people. So, if you can eliminate all traces of lactose and gluten for three weeks, it can confirm whether either or both of these, are a source of your symptoms. Yes, dairy and grains are a part of many government-recommended food guidelines, but you absolutely can get all of the nutrients you need if you focus on replacing them with nutrient-dense foods. A reliable way to monitor how you feel after eating certain foods is to track it. After every meal or snack, write down the foods you ate, and any symptoms so you can more easily spot trends. And, as mentioned earlier, symptoms may not start immediately following a meal. You may find, for example, that you wake up with a headache the morning after eating bananas. You might be surprised what links you can find if you track your food and symptoms well! IMPORTANT NOTE: When you eliminate something, you need to make sure it's not hiding in other foods, or the whole point of eliminating it for a few weeks is lost. Restaurant food, packaged foods, and sauces or dressings are notorious for adding ingredients that you'd never think are there. You know that sugar hides in almost everything, but did you also know that wheat is often added to processed meats and soy sauce, and lactose can even be found in some medications or supplements? When in doubt you HAVE to ask the server in a restaurant about hidden ingredients, read labels, and consider cooking from scratch. What if it doesn’t work? If eliminating these two common food intolerances doesn’t work, then you can go one step further to eliminate soy and corn for three weeks. They are the next most common culprits. You may need to see a qualified healthcare practitioner for help, and that's OK. 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